Histology of Oxidative Stress and Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species Against Progress of Fire Blight Causal Agent in Pear Cultivars
H.
Abdollahi
Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
author
Z.
Salehi
Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Resistance to fire blight disease in pears appears as slow disease progress in moderately resistant and sharp prevention of disease progress in resistant cultivars. Regarding to the importance and dual roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially superoxide (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl (OH•-) in disease development and defense against its progress, in this research, generation of these species of active oxygen were studied in pear cultivars Dar Gazi (resistant), Harrow Sweet (moderately resistant) and Williams (susceptible) after inoculation with Erwinia amylovora in in vitro conditions. The necrosis progress rates in in vitro shootlets were according to the disease susceptibility of cultivars and were comparable with the greenhouse results. For all species of active oxygen, first traces was observed in central cylinder of the in vitro shootlets in vertical direction, followed by horizontal expansion of active oxygen species in stem parenchyma. Two indices of velocity and severity of each singular active oxygen species were correspondence. Comparison of superoxide generation showed similar rates in all tested cultivars, while based on the deterrent role of H2O2 on disease progress, H2O2 generation in cultivar Harrow Sweet was earlier and higher than other cultivars. In pear cultivar Dar Gazi, H2O2 generation was postponed up to 96h after inoculation. According to the results, it seems that pear cultivars use different strategies for defense against fire blight invasion.
Seed and Plant Production Journal
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2008-6946
33
v.
2
no.
2018
139
162
https://sppj.areeo.ac.ir/article_116423_d42cece22d6b1a1500300b7f1bbd0cc1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/sppj.2018.116423
Morphological Characteristics, Protein Contents and Fatty Acids
Composition of some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Superior Genotypes in the North of Fars Province
S
Sarikhani
Agricultural Tarbiat Modares
author
K.
Arzani
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Tabriz Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
author
Gh.
Karimzadeh
Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
author
A.
Shojaeiyan
Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
High amound of unsaturated fatty acids in kernel, has made walnut as a strategic crop with high nutritional and medicial values in human nutrition. In the present study, carried out during years 2012 to 2015, morphological (in all years) and biochemical (in two years 2014 and 2015) characteristics of nine walnut genotypes which were selected as superior genotypes in former studied in Fars province, were investigated. Based on the results of morphological evaluations, these genotypes had high nut (13.20-19.36g) and kernel (7.13-9.52g) weight, kernel percentage (56.89-57.92%), lateral breeding (45.62-64.80%) and kernel color (light and extra light). Protein, oil and total phenol contents of kernel of the genotypes ranged from 12.58 to 19.13%, 54.83 to 70.72% and 43.26-56.63 mg GAE.g-1 DW extract, respectively. Palmitic (6.00-7.65%), stearic (1.72-3.41%), oleic (19.28-30.96%), linoleic (47.37-59.05) and linolenic (9.89-16.99%) acids were the predominant fatty acids in the walnut genotypes. Very small amount of arachidonic and erucic acids was also detected in some of the genotypes. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were significantly higher than monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Accordingly, the highest amounts of PUFA and MUFA were observed in genotypes FaEqNs5 and FaEqHm1, respectively, and genotype FaEqDm1 had the highest amount of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the lowest level of unsaturated fatty acid (UFA).
Seed and Plant Production Journal
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2008-6946
33
v.
2
no.
2018
163
184
https://sppj.areeo.ac.ir/article_116411_ebbb3e7b15144bb1098defdd4e2057ae.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/sppj.2018.116411
Effects of Ethephon, Ethanol, Brassinosteroid and Leaf Pruning on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Yaghooti Siyah Grape Cultivar under Darab Environmental Conditions
Abbas
Mirsoleimani
دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز
author
H.
Amin
Department of Plant Production, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran.
author
S.
Eshghi
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Yaghooti is the earliest-maturing grape cultivar in Iran that is mostly grow in warm regions. In these regions berries do not have complete pigmentation and uniform color and this reduces marketability of fruits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ethephon (150 and 300 mgl-1), Ethanol (5 and 10%), Brassinosteroid (0.5 and 1 mgl-1) and defoliation (5 to 6 leaves around the clusters) on pigmentation and some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Yaghooti Siyah grape berries. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications and a 7-years-old vine in each replication during two consecutive years and two regions (Jannatshahr and Fasarood) of Darad. Based on the results, treatments had no effect on the chemical properties of fruit juices such as TSS, TA and TSS/TA. Although ethephon (300 mgl-1) significantly increased cluster weight compared to the control, other physical properties of berries and clusters were not affected by treatments. Treatments had not also effect on the color indicators such as CIRG, chroma, and Hunter components (L *, a * and b *). Anthocyanin and total phenolics concentration and antioxidant activity of fruit juice were not significantly different from those of the control. The results of the present study showed that the use of ethephon, ethanol and brassinosteroid in conventional concentrations can not improve the quantitative and qualitative properties and improvement of berries color, and it seems that in areas like Darab, high temperature during berry ripening and coloration period can be an important factor in color development and ripening process of fruit in Yaghooti Siyah grape.
Seed and Plant Production Journal
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2008-6946
33
v.
2
no.
2018
185
202
https://sppj.areeo.ac.ir/article_116416_131fb0708992d37e7baed35d92376817.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/sppj.2018.116416
Calibration and Evaluation of the IXIM Model for Simulation of Growth and Yield of Maize (SC 704) in Gorgan Climatical Conditions
M. T.
Feyzbaksh
Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran.
author
B.
Kamkar
, Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
author
H.
Mokhtarpour
Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran.
author
M. E.
Asadi
Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
The use of modeling in research and farm management is developing every day. IXIM is a new model and its evaluation has begun by researchers around the world. For calibration and validation of the IXIM model, two experiments (each in two years) were carried out at Agricultural Research Station of Gorgan, Golestan province . The model was calibrated using optimum irrigation treatments along with no stress of drought condition in 2012 and two treatments of the second experiment in 2007. The Evaluation of the model was done using planting date treatments of spring experiment (2008), planting date and deficit irrigation of experiments in 2012 and 2013. The evaluation results of the model indicated that the model simulated phenological stages (anthesis and maturity occurrence) with high accuracy at different sowing dates and different irrigation regimes. The highest root mean square error for anthesis belonged to 6 July with 2.24 days, therefore, this model could be used in the field programing management. Evaluation results in spring sowing (2008) and summer sowing dates (2012 and 2013) revealed that the model simulated dry matter and yield of maize with a high accuracy. Also, the model simulated reduction of dry matter and seed yield in different levels of irrigation (except for full stress) and had enough accuracy base on model’s statistical indices. The model had not enough accuracy in simulation of leaf area index (LAI) and evapotransopiration in irrigation treatments. Referring to results of this experiment, this model could be used in Gorgan climatic conditions to simulate growing stages, dry matter and grain yield of maize (SC704) in different sowing dates and different irrigation regimes.
Seed and Plant Production Journal
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2008-6946
33
v.
2
no.
2018
203
230
https://sppj.areeo.ac.ir/article_116417_c46ac634118e6702327c10997d7bf50d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/sppj.2018.116417
Effects of Plant Population Reduction Time and Rate on
Sugar Beet Yield and Quality
S.
Sadeghzadeh Hemayati
Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
author
M.
Khodagoo Abianeh
Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Tehran, Iran.
author
P.
Fasahat
Sugar Beet Seed Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Plant population is an essential factor affecting yield and quality of sugar beet. To determine the effects of plant polpulation reduction time and rate during the growing season on quantitative and qualitative yield of sugar beet in 2011 and 2012, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with four replications was conducted in Karaj. The studied factors included density reduction time (at four levels of 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing) and final density levels (at six levels of 12.5, 9.375, 8.375, 6.25, 4.125, and 3.125 plantm-2). Results showed that plant population reduction time significantly affected the crop produced by the plants in most cases and the highest root yield (1.49-1.53 kgplant-1) and crude sugar yield (0.20-0.21 kgplant-1) was obtained by plant reduction during 30-60 days after sowing. The highest yield per plant (1.74-1.92 kg root and 0.24-0.26 kg sugar) and per unit area (89.81-95.54t oot per ha and 12.06-12.97t sugar per ha) was obtained from the densities of 3.4-4.5 and 7.7-10.2 plantm-2, respectively. Overall, reduction time during 30-60 days after sowing and reaching to the plant population of 8.4-12.5 plantm-2 after reduction would ensure the maximum crop yield in moderate regions, Iran (like Karaj).
Seed and Plant Production Journal
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2008-6946
33
v.
2
no.
2018
231
248
https://sppj.areeo.ac.ir/article_116418_5deafb22de278dea3a3fe5f5501ce69e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/sppj.2018.116418
Effects of Ammonium Nitrate and Calcium Chloride Salts on Proliferation and Improvement of In Vitro Shootlets Quality of Vigorous Pear Rootstocks
M.
Mansouryar
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
author
H.
Abdollahi
Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
author
J.
Erfani Moghaddam
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
author
M.
Mirabdolbaghi
respectively, Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
author
S. A.
Salami
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
The clonal propagation of vigorous pear rootstocks is possible by micropropagation, but in this condition many of them demonstrate low proliferation rate and produce short in vitro shootlets. To improve quality of in vitro shootlets, the effects of NH4NO3 and CaCl2, were investigated in pear rootstocks, Q1 (Pyrus communis L.), P. betulifolia, Konjuni (P. communis×P. ussuriensis Rehd.) and Dargazi seedling as control on QL medium. This objective was followed by adding NH4NO3 in 6.25 (control QL medium), 12.5 and 18.75 mM, and CaCl2 in 0 (control QL medium), 0.9 and 1.8 mM and evaluation of proliferation, shootlets quality and percentage of N and Ca absorption by shootlets. P. betulifolia normally expressed high growth and low proliferation, while Q1 had moderately higher proliferation in comparison with other rootstocks. Increasing of NH4NO3 reduced the proliferation but CaCl2 increasing improved the leaf expansion. N and Ca absorption in all rootstocks were higher than threshold levels of these elements in this species and NH4NO3 addition increased N absorption for P. betulifolia, Q1, Konjuni and Dargazi seedling to 7.58, 4.31, 5.78 and 6.24%, respectively. Contrarily to N absorption, the highest Ca absorption was observed for three rootstock, P. betulifolia, Q1 and Konjuni in lowest CaCl2 concentration. The presence of highest Ca contents in the lowest NH4NO3 concentration shows the negative effects of this salt on Ca absorption in pear rootstocks.
Seed and Plant Production Journal
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2008-6946
33
v.
2
no.
2018
249
266
https://sppj.areeo.ac.ir/article_116419_63b2f01aecb600105600e3ee13f18bd7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/sppj.2018.116419
Effect of Water Deficit on Seed Yield and Accumulation of Seed Minerals in Common Bean Genotypes
Ali Akbar
Ghanbari
Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute
author
S. H.
Mousavi
Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
author
M.
Taheri Mazandarani
Instructor, Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Varamin, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of field water deficit on quality and accumulation of some mineral nutrients in the bean seeds. Field experiment was carried out as split plot based on RCBD with four replications in Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran, in both normal irrigation and water deficit conditions as main plots and eight bean genotypes (red beans: KS31163, KS31164 and KS31170; white beans: KS41237, KS41107; Chitti beans: KS21478, KS21486 and KS21489) as sub plots, in 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons. Seed yield and accumulation of nitrogen, iron, zinc and phosphorus in the seeds were assessed. The results indicated that seed yield and minerals were reduced by water deficit. Genotype KS31163 had the highest seed yield under both irrigation conditions. The impact of drought on iron and phosphorus was more than on zinc and nitrogen. The highest Fe reduction was assessed in red bean genotype KS31170. The white beans showed lower levels of Fe and N in the seeds than red and Chitti beans under water deficit conditions, while stored more phosphorus amounts. In both conditions, KS21478 and KS41237 genotypes had the highest and the lowest amount of zinc, respectively. The greatest impact of water deficit was related to the iron accumulation in the seed, averaging more than 19 percent. Overall, water deficit decreased the concentration of mineral nutrients in the seeds. The cumulative amount of minerals in the seeds of KS31170, KS21478 and KS31163 were more than other genotypes under both irrigation conditions.
Seed and Plant Production Journal
Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization
2008-6946
33
v.
2
no.
2018
267
284
https://sppj.areeo.ac.ir/article_116420_091ba5e4c57d77c0eb8c762144a91ae0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/sppj.2018.116420