اثر تنش خشکی بر رشد، عملکرد و کیفیت میوه انار (.Punica granatum L) رقم رباب نیریز در شرایط اقلیمی خشک

نویسندگان

مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، پیکان شهر، تهران

چکیده

انار (Punica granatum L.) یکی از مهم‌ترین محصولات باغی ایران است که بیشتر در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک کشت می‌شود. درختان پرورش یافته در این مناطق به دلیل محدودیت منابع آب، همواره در معرض تنش خشکی قرار دارند. با هدف بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر رشد، عملکرد و کیفیت میوه انار، این پژوهش در ایستگاه مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی یزد که از اقلیم خشک برخوردار است به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آبیاری شامل 100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (بدون تنش)، 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (تنش ملایم) و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (تنش شدید) بودند که در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و در چهار تکرار مشتمل بر 9 درخت در هر کرت و روی درختان جوان بارده رقم رباب نیریز اعمال شد. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که درختان انار با به کارگیری مکانیسم های متعدد از جمله افزایش تورژسانس سلولی با تجمع مواد اسمولیتی مثل قندهای محلول و اسیدهای آمینه‌ای چون پرولین و افزایش پتانسیل آب سلول برای دریافت آب بیشتر از خاک، حفظ رنگدانه‌های کلروفیل و کارتنوئید از طریق کنترل ظرفیت نسبی آب برگ (RWC)، کاهش سطح برگ و کاهش سطح برگ ویژه، با تنش خشکی مقابله می‌کنند. اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و کیفیت میوه در مقایسه با شرایط شاخص‌های رشدی گیاه به مراتب بیشتر بود. تنش خشکی موجب کاهش عملکرد، کاهش اندازه میوه و کاهش میزان اجزای میوه از جمله آریل، هسته، پوست و آب میوه شد. تنش خشکی افزایش مواد جامد محلول (TSS)، اسیدیته قابل تیتراسیون (TA) و کاهش pH را به دنبال داشت. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، با توجه به مناسب کردن شرایط رویشی گیاه، عملکرد مناسب و بهبود بسیاری از عوامل کیفی میوه، برنامه‌ریزی آبیاری بر اساس رطوبت 75 درصدی خاک در طول دوره رشد گیاه با به کارگیری سیستم آبیاری تحت فشار (بابلر) در باغ‌های انار توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Drought Stress on Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Rababe Niriz Under Dry Climate Condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. H. Rad
  • M. R. Asghari
  • M. H. Asareh
چکیده [English]

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the most important horticultural crops in Iran that it is mostly grown in arid and semiarid regions. Due to water resources limiting in these areas, trees are always under drought stress. For evaluation of the effects of drought stress on growth, yield and fruit quality of pomegranate, this research was carried out in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Yazd located in dry climate. The irrigation treatments included100% of field capacity (no stress), 75% of field capacity (moderate stress) and 50% of field capacity (high stress) performed in randomize complete block design with four replications and nine trees per each plot. The results showed that pomegranate trees applied several mechanisms for drought resistance such as increasing cell turgid by accumulation of soluble sugars and proline, increasing water potential for more water absorption from soil, chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments preserved by control of leaf relative water content (RWC), reducing leaf area and reducing leaf area specific. Effect of drought stress on yield and fruit quality was higher than the growth characteristics. Drought stress reduced yield, fruit size and the amount of fruit components such as aril, seed, peel and juice. Drought stress increased fruit total soluble solid (TSS), titrtable acidity (TA) and reduced pH. Because of suitable vegetative conditions, good yield performance and improved quality of fruits, scheduling of irrigation based on 75% of soil moisture during the growing season with using of Babler irrigation systems in pomegranate orchards can be recommended based on the results of this study.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
  • Drought Stress
  • Growth
  • yield
  • fruit quality
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