اثر اندازه بذر بر کاهش اثر سوء تنش خشکی در مراحل مختلف رشد ژنوتیپ‌های نخود سفید (Cicer arietinum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران

چکیده

این بررسی در دو آزمایش در شرایط مزرعه (گیاه کامل) و آزمایشگاه (مرحله گیاهچه‌ای) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم مراغه انجام شد. در آزمایش مزرعه‌ای که به صورت کرت‌های دوبار خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و به مدت سه سال زراعی(92-1389)انجام شد، سطوح تنش خشکی شامل یک‌بار آبیاری بلافاصله پس از کاشت، دوبار آبیاری (زمان کاشت + مرحله گلدهی) و سه بار آبیاری (زمان کاشت + مرحله گلدهی + مرحله پر شدن غلاف‌ها) در کرت‌های اصلی، ژنوتیپ‌ها (ارقام آرمان، آزاد، ILC 482 و یک توده بومی ترکیه) در کرت‌های فرعی و اندازه بذر (درشت، متوسط و ریز به ‌ترتیب با قطر بیش از 8، 8 تا 6 و کمتر از 6 میلی‌متر) در کرت‌های فرعی- فرعی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش مرحله گیاهچه‌ای به صورت فاکتوریل با سه عامل و ژنوتیپ، اندازه بذر و سطوح تنش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با سه تکرار انجام شد. دو عامل‌ ژنوتیپ و اندازه بذر مانند آزمایش مزرعه‌ای بودند و عامل تنش خشکی در پنج سطح (صفر به عنوان شاهد، 2/0- ، 4/0- ،6/0- و 8/0- بار با استفاده از PEG6000) بود. برای ارزیابی تحمل خشکی از شاخص‌های STI، MP و GMP استفاده شد. تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌ها در آزمایش مزرعه‌ای نشان داد که اندازه بذر بر عملکرد دانه و عملکرد زیست توده آفتاب خشک از نظر آماری اثر معنی‌داری نداشت ولی بیشترین عملکرد دانه متعلق به بذرهایی با اندازه متوسط و درشت (به ترتیب 901 و 900کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. نتایج آزمایش مرحله گیاهچه‌ای نشان داد که بیشترین مقادیر وزن تر و خشک گیاهچه متعلق به بذرهای درشت بود. جمع‌بندی نتایج در هر دو شرایط آزمایشی نشان داد که رقم آزاد و لاین ILC 482 متحمل‌ترین ژنوتیپ‌ به تنش خشکی بودند. بین اندازه بذر و عملکرد در شرایط تنش در هر دو مرحله گیاه کامل و گیاهچه‌ای همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری وجود داشت (به ترتیب r = 0.979 وr = 0.998). با توجه به نتایج این بررسی، انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌ و اندازه بذر مناسب به منظور کاهش اثر سوء تنش خشکی در کشت نخود دیم قابل توصیه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Seed Size on Mitigating Adverse Effect of Drought Stress at Different Growth Stages of Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes

نویسنده [English]

  • D. Sadeghzadeh Ahari
Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This study was carried out in laboratory and field in Maragheh Dryland Agricultural Research Station. The field experiment was in split-split plots based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications performed for three cropping seasons (2010-2013). Drought stress levels as main plots were one time irrigation (immediately after planting), two times (after planting+ flowering) and three times (after planting + flowering time + pods filling), four chickpea genotypes (Arman, Azad, ILC 482 and a landrace from Turkey) were in sub plots and three seed sizes (large with > 8 mm, medium with 6-8 mm and small with < 6 mm in diameters) were in sub-sub plots. Laboratory experiment (seedling stage) was carried out in factorial based on RCBD with three replications and three factors in which, genotypes and seed sizes treatments were similar to those of field experiment but drought (induced by PEG 6000) was in five levels (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 bar). Drought tolerance was evaluated by different stress tolerance indices (STI, MP and GMP). Results of combined analysis on data of field experiment showed that seed size had not significant effect on seed yield and dry biomass yield, but the highest seed yield was obtained from medium and large seed size treatments (901 and 900 kgha-1, respectively). In laboratory experiment, the highest seedling fresh and dry weight belonged to large seeds. As a conclusion, in both experiments Azad and ILC 482 were more tolerant genotypes to drought stress. Correlation coefficients between seed size and yield under stress in both seedling and adult stages were significant and positive (r = 0.998 and r = 0.979, respectively). Based on the results of this study, selection of suitable genotype and seed size can be recommended for mitigating adverse effects of drought in dryland chickpea cultivation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Kabuli type chickpea
  • seedling stage
  • adult plant stage
  • Polyethylene Glycol
  • stress tolerance indices

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به زراعی نهال و بذر
دوره 32، شماره 2
آذر 1395
صفحه 121-140

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