بررسی امکان کشت زمستانه ارقام بهاره کلزا در منطقه معتدل سرد کرج در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی آخر فصل

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

برای تأمین بخشی از روغن خوراکی و کنجاله مورد نیاز و همچنین جهت پایداری تولید غلات، ضروری است ارقام مناسب کلزا در جایگاه جدید کشت و تحت شرایط کم‌آبی در ایران تعیین شوند. به این منظور آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل اسپلیت‌پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به مدت دو سال زراعی (95-1393) در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج اجرا شد. تاریخ‌های کاشت شامل کشت پاییزه (15 مهر) و کشت زمستانه (15 بهمن) و رژیم‌های آبیاری شامل آبیاری معمول (شاهد) و قطع آبیاری از مراحل گل‌دهی و خورجین‌دهی به‌صورت فاکتوریل به عنوان عامل اصلی و پنج رقم بهاره کلزا (ساری‌گل، دلگان، جاکومو، جرومه و هایولا 401) به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت × آبیاری × رقم بر صفات تعداد خورجین در بوته، تعداد دانه در خورجین، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، عملکرد روغن و کارایی مصرف آب در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار شد. در تاریخ کشت زمستانه و در شرایط آبیاری معمول، ارقام دلگان، هایولا 401 و جرومه با بالاترین کارایی مصرف آب (به‌ترتیب 953/0، 887/0 و 831/0 کیلو‌گرم بر مترمکعب) و عملکرد دانه بالای 3000 کیلوگرم در هکتار قابلیت توسعه در جایگاه جدید کشت زمستانه را داشتند. همچنین در تاریخ کشت زمستانه و قطع آبیاری از مرحله خورجین‌دهی به بعد ارقام هایولا 401 و جرومه با کارایی مصرف آب به‌ترتیب 930/0 و 873/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب و عملکرد دانه بالای 2000 کیلوگرم در هکتار در شرایط کم‌آبی آخر فصل نیز قابل توصیه بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the Possibility of Winter Planting of Spring Oilseed Rape Cultivars in Cold-Temperate Karaj Region under Terminal Water Deficit Stress Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • N. Safavi Fard 1
  • H. Heidari Sharif Abad 1
  • A. H. Shirani Rad 2
  • E. Majidi Heravan 1
  • J. Daneshian 2
1 Department of Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

To provide some of the required edible oil and seed meal and to stability of cereal production, it is necessary to determine suitable varieties of rapeseed in a new position of cultivation and under water deficit conditions for Iran. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out in a factorial split-plot arrangement based on RCBD with three replications during 2014-2016 growing seasons at the Research Farm of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran. Planting dates including autumn (7 October) and winter (4 February), and irrigation regimes including full irrigation (control), and withholding irrigation from flowering and silique formation stages, were used as main factors. Spring oilseed rape cultivars (Sarigol, Delgan, Jacomo, Jeromeh and Hyola 401) were employed as sub-factor. The results demonstrated that the interaction effects of planting date × irrigation × cultivar on silique in plant, grain in silique, seed yield, harvest index (HI), oil yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were significant at 1% level probability. Regarding the highest WUE obtained from cultivars Delgan, Hyola 401 and Jeromeh (0.953, 0.887 and 0.831 kgm-3, respectively) and grain yield more than 3000 kgha-1, these cultivars demonstrated significant potentials for a new winter planting date, under full irrigation conditions. Furthermore, the cultivars Hyola 401 and Jeromeh with WUE quantities 0.930 and 0.873 kgm-3, respectively, and grain yield more than 2000 kgha-1, demonstrated significant potentials under terminal water stress (withholding irrigation from silique formation stage) at winter planting date.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Oilseed rape
  • Drought Stress
  • seed yield
  • oil yield
  • Planting date
  • Water use efficiency
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